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Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is reduced in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, where over 400 species have been known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently categorized, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are extremely abundant in certain regions.

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Within China, termite species have been limited to mild tropical and subtropical habitats south of the Yangtze River.34 In Australia, all environmental groups of termites (dampwood, drywood, subterranean) are endemic to the country, with over 360 classified species.34.

Due to their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cool or cold habitats.36 There are three environmental groups of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous woods, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse areas.34 One species in the drywood group is the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which can be an invasive species in Australia.37.

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Termites are usually small, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59 in) in length.34 The biggest of all extant termites are the queens of those species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring up to over 10 centimetres (4 in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, flourished in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0 in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98 in).39note 1. )

Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind because they do not own a pair of eyes. However, some species, like Hodotermes mossambicus, have compound eyes that they utilize for orientation and to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.

Termite antennae have a number of functions like the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three primary segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The visit this page mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles.

Consistent with all insects, the anatomy of the termite thorax consists of 3 segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a set of legs. On alates, the wings are located at the mesothorax and metathorax. The mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .

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Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen using 2 plates, the tergites and also the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a set of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are much like those in cockroaches but are more simplified. By way of instance, the intromittent organ is not present in male alates, and the semen is immotile or aflagellate.

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Unlike in other termites, Mastotermitidae females possess an ovipositor, a characteristic strikingly like that in female cockroaches.48.

The non-reproductive castes of thieves are wingless https://innovativepestcontroladelaide.com.au/adelaide-pest-control/ and rely exclusively on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only to get a brief amount of time, so they also rely on their own legs. The appearance of the legs is comparable in each and every caste, but the soldiers have bigger and thicker legs.

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The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg varies. Some species of termite have an arolium, found between the claws, which can be present in species that climb on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.

Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equal length.2 the majority of the time, the alates are poor flyers; their technique is to launch themselves in the atmosphere and fly in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to bigger termites, smaller vases cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain at a ideal angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to the body.51.

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Caste system of termites A King B Queen C Secondary queen D Tertiary queen E Soldiers F Worker

Worker termites undertake the most labor within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Employees are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in meals and are consequently the most likely caste to be found in infested timber. The process of worker termites feeding different nestmates is popularly known as trophallaxis.

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Some termite species do click site not have a true worker caste, instead relying on nymphs that perform the same work without differentiating as a separate caste.53.

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